1002 RPi0 4G Cat1 (EN)

Keywords

Raspberry Pi Zero, Zero 2W, Cat1 4G LTE, USB2.0, USB Type-C, Expansion board, Nano SIM, RPi-Connect, Remote connection, Driver-free, Plug and play

I. Introduction

The Raspberry Pi Zero CAT1 is a 4G LTE expansion board measuring only 65*30mm in size. It is designed based on the Raspberry Pi Zero series (including the Zero, Zero W(H), and Zero 2W). It utilizes the gold-plated test points on the backside of the Raspberry Pi Zero board for USB and power to enable peripheral expansion. The expansion board comes in two versions: the USB version and the Probe version. The Probe version connects the expansion board to the Zero's USB port via pogo pins. In this case, it is no longer possible to connect USB devices such as keyboard or mouse to the Raspberry Pi Zero's micro USB port. but we can control the device through a remote connection. The USB version (without pogo pins) can be used with the Raspberry Pi 3B, 4B, and 5. The expansion board uses a recessed design, which facilitates installation on top of boards like the Raspberry Pi 3B/4B/5, ensuring it does not affect or minimally affects the external connections of the 40-pin header.

4G Cat1 is a cost-effective module designed for medium-speed IoT applications around 10Mbps. The 10Mbps downlink and 5Mbps uplink speeds can meet the vast majority of networking and transmission needs. The CAT1 expansion board is driver-free and plug-and-play under the official Raspberry Pi operating system.

II. Hardware Spec

1. This expansion board Probe pin version connects to the Raspberry Pi Zero series' gold-plated contact points via four pogo pins. The expansion board is positioned below the Zero and is powered through the Zero's MicroUSB power port. At this point, the Raspberry Pi Zero's own micro USB port, the onboard USB-C port, and the 1.25mm 4-pin interface cannot be used to connect any external devices or power sources.

2. The USB version (without soldering pogo pins) communicates with and powers the development board via the USB port. The USB port is available in two forms: a Type-C port and a 1.25mm 4-pin connector, with either one being selectable for use.

3. Uses a Nano SIM card slot; please refer to the silkscreen on the board or the markings on the SIM card slot for the correct orientation of the SIM card insertion.

4. The 4G antenna uses a first-generation IPEX connector, which can be used with a 4G FPC antenna or a rod antenna.

5. Break out the debugging serial port and the AT main serial port, both at 3.3V voltage level.

6. Two LED indicator lights: The STAT light indicates normal operation of CAT1 when it is lit. The NET light indicates the network status, with 1.8 seconds on and 0.2 seconds off indicating successful network registration, and 1.8 seconds off and 0.2 seconds on indicating that the device has not registered onto the network, suggesting that the SIM card and antenna should be checked.

7. The reverse side reserves positions for the BOOT and reset buttons. If there is a need to upgrade firmware or perform a button reset, you can solder the buttons yourself.

8. Size: 65*30*5.5mm.

9. The M2.5mm mounting holes are perfectly aligned with those on the Raspberry Pi Zero development board. The PCB board has received UL and ROHS certification and has a fire protection rating of 94V-0.

III. Work with Raspberry Pi OS

3.1 USB version

For the USB version, if connecting to a Raspberry Pi Zero series development board, it generally requires the use of an expansion board with a USB interface. So you just need to enable USB Host mode in the config.txt file.

Here, we are assembling the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W using our company's Raspberry Pi Zero Dual 100M-Ethernet and Dual USB Expansion Board, and then connecting the CAT1-USB version.

The CAT1-USB version occupies the right-side Raspberry Pi Zero Dual 100M-Ethernet and Dual USB Expansion Board (as shown in the image below). This USB port cannot be used to connect any external devices; otherwise, the 4G functionality will not work.

After booting the system, execute ifconfig -a, and you will see eth2, which corresponds to the 4G CAT1 interface; while eth0 and eth1 are the two 100Mbps Ethernet ports on the Raspberry Pi Zero Dual 100M-Ethernet and Dual USB Expansion Board.

3.2 Probe version

3.2.1 Preparation

The Raspberry Pi Zero 2W has only one USB port, which is now occupied by the 4G module, so there are no USB ports available for a keyboard or mouse. Subsequent operations can only be performed through a WiFi or 4G connection. Therefore, when flashing the system, you need to pre-configure it to set up WiFi and enable SSH to proceed further (if you are using a Raspberry Pi Zero W or Zero WH, the usage method is the same).

If you are using the Raspberry Pi Zero, which lacks WiFi functionality, you would need to debug all business logic and set it up to run on startup on another expansion board. If you do not have any subsequent need to connect other USB devices and the 4G Cat1 is only used to provide network access, you can use the Probe version. Otherwise, it is recommended to use the USB version.

Hardware: Please plug the power supply into the USB power port marked "PWR" on the Zero 2W. If you plug it into another USB port or the USB port on the expansion board, it will cause the 4G module to be shielded.

Wiring diagram:

The version of the Raspberry Pi OS is: 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz

You can download the Raspberry Pi OS in:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit

(If using the first-generation Raspberry Pi Zero board, which only supports 32-bit systems, please pay attention to the version you download.)

3.2.2 Flashing system (Setup required for WiFi connection and SSH service)

Open the Imager, select the “Raspberry Pi Device”, “Choose Use Custom”, and “Storge”, then click "NEXT."

Then click "Edit Settings" :

In the pop-up window, under the GENERAL tab, you can set the hostname, username, and password, the default WiFi connection, and the region:

Under the SERVICES tab, please set up to enable the SSH service:

After completing the settings, click "Save," return to the previous page, and then click "Yes":

Click "Yes" in the warning window:

This will start the burning process. After the burning is complete, use this TF card to boot the system. The system will automatically log in with the preset username and password and connect to the preconfigured WiFi (provided the device is within range of the WiFi hotspot).

If the system stop at the Raspberry Pi logo and fails to boot:

Please carefully check whether the pogo pins are aligned with the gold-plated contacts. Additionally, on the PC, open the config.txt file located in the root directory of the TF card to check the USB initialization script:

You need to confirm that the three red-boxed areas in the following image are all configured completely. If not, please manually add the missing parts and save the file:

# otg_mode=1 (It is recommended to comment out as follow)

dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=host (These two areas must be ensured to be included.)

3.2.3 Control via SSH through WiFi

After the system starts, if the WiFi connection is successful, the internal network IP will be displayed below the WiFi icon in the top right corner of the desktop:

You can also obtain the system's internal IP address by checking the router's backend:

Here, we use the MobaXterm for SSH. The download link for MobaXterm is:

https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html

Open the MobaXterm, create a new connection, select SSH, enter the IP address of the Raspberry Pi OS in the "Remote Host", and enter the login username in the "Specify username", as shown in the following figure:

Click "OK," then log in. After logging in, we can perform command-line operations on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W using MobaXterm:

Now we check the connection status of the 4G module:

lsusb

It can be seen that the 4G module has connected.

Using ifconfig -a to check the network interfaces, it can be seen that the 4G module is identified as eth0 and has obtained an IP address:

3.2.4 How to use AT commands

Execute the command in the SSH terminal:

ls /dev

You should be able to see three devices named ttyACM0, ttyACM1, and ttyACM2 under the dev directory:

Install minicom:

sudo apt-get install minicom

Open AT Command serial port by minicom:

sudo minicom -D /dev/ttyACM0

Note: When using a serial port, ensure that after entering this port, you can input and run AT commands without any garbled output or unexpected jumps in the results.

The following uses minicom as an example:

Then directly type the AT command and press Enter to see the result. If you need to view the echo, please type the command: ate1：

Common AT commands:

1) Check if the SIM card is detected:

at+cpin?

Return ready to indicate the card has been recognized, if return error, you need to check the hardware.

2) Check antenna signal quality:

at+csq

Return values between 26 and 31 indicate a good signal, with 31 representing a full signal strength; return values between 20 and 25 indicate a barely acceptable signal; return values below 20 indicate a poor signal or that the antenna might not be connected.

3) Check network registration status:

at+cops?

Normally, it should return the network supporter's code: 7, where 7 represents 4G.

Note: The above command at+csq should not include a question mark, while the other two commands require a question mark.

4) View the SIM card's IMEI code:

at+cgsn

5) Reset 4G module (Sometimes, if you reinsert the SIM card, hot swapping may not work; in such cases, you can use this reset command to reset the module.):

at+reset

6) Disable radio frequency:

at+cfun=0

Enable radio frequency:

at+cfun=1

The two commands mentioned above can be used in pairs to allow the module to re-register with the network without restarting the 4G module.

IV. 4G Application (Remote Control)

RPi-Connect provides a service for secure access to your Raspberry Pi from anywhere. With this service, combined with the Zero Cat1 4G Probe version, you can still remotely access your Raspberry Pi even when outdoors without a Wi-Fi network. Note: To use this service, Bookworm or a newer system must be running. Additionally, only the Raspberry Pi 5, 4, or 400 can use screen sharing. The Zero 2W can only use Remote Shell. The following demonstrates how to configure the remote connection service.

4.1 Install DNS service (only for system version 2024.07.04 and later)

The 4G CAT1 module is driver-free and can achieve automatic 4G connectivity at each boot. However, to avoid DNS server conflicts, the following settings need to be applied for automatic startup:

Install the DNS server switching software udhcpc:

sudo apt install udhcpc

Open rc-local service:

sudo sudo systemctl enable --now rc-local

Use the following command to open rc.local:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

Add the command you want to execute at startup above the line exit 0, and then save the file (in this example, eth0 represents the 4G module, but the name should match the actual interface identified on your system):

sleep 5 && sudo udhcpc -i eth0 && sleep 5 && sudo udhcpc -i eth0 && sleep 5 && sudo udhcpc -i eth0

The sleep command is used to delay the execution of subsequent commands by a certain number of seconds. Since the 4G module needs some time to acquire an IP address, to prevent `udhcpc` from failing, it needs to be executed several times with a delay added between each execution. As a result, the 4G network becomes usable approximately 20 seconds after the system boots up.

4.2 Apply for a Raspberry Pi ID

If you already have a Raspberry Pi ID, please log in directly. If not, please follow the steps below to apply.

Open the website at https://id.raspberrypi.com/, and enter the email address and password you wish to use:

After creating the account, you need to verify it by entering your email:

After verification is complete, the ID can be used.

4.3 Install Remote Service

Open the SSH terminal and install the Raspberry Pi Connect software. If the installation command indicates that it is already installed, then no additional installation is necessary:

sudo apt install rpi-connect

After installation, we enter loginctl enable-linger in the terminal to ensure that the remote service is automatically enabled each time the system restarts:

Restart the system. In the graphical interface, select the items in the order shown in the following image to ensure that Raspberry Pi Connect is turned on:

Then enter the following in the Raspberry Pi terminal:

rpi-connect signin

Now, a URL is displayed, as shown in the image above. Open this URL in a browser (it is recommended to use another computer, as the Zero series can be very slow when opening a browser due to hardware limitations).

点击Sign in，按照提示进行绑定即可，首先需要设置设备名称：

Click "Create device and sign in":

This completes the binding process, and there will also be a successful message displayed in the terminal:

4.4 Use remote control

On your PC, open: https://connect.raspberrypi.com/devices

The Zero 2W device just added only shows "Remote shell", indicating that this device can only be controlled through a remote command-line interface.

Click on "Connect" to open the remote command-line interface, where you can then enter commands:

After configuration is complete, the system will be able to connect to the internet via 4G each time it boots up and will also enable the Raspberry Pi Connect remote service. This way, we can control the device through a remote command-line interface from a PC.

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