0013 MPSTPU(M.2 E) EN

Keywords

Raspberry Pi 5, PCIe, TPU, DTPU, Driver installation, Operation demonstration, AI, google, Coral, 2230, 2242, 2280, NVMe SSD, SSD X1

I. Introduction

The Coral M.2 Accelerator is an M.2 sized module that can expand edge TPU coprocessing capabilities via the PCIE interface for platforms such as the Raspberry Pi. Our MPSTPU expansion board adds two PCIe interfaces via a PCIe Switch, One is an M.2 E key interface, which can be used to connect a TPU module with an A+E Key interface, the other is an M.2 M key interface, which can be used to connect an NVMe SSD. The MPSTPU expansion board can provide the system with massive SSD storage while adding TPU edge computing capabilities.

II. Hardware Resources

1. Designed for the Raspberry Pi 5, it uses a 16-pin FPC to connect to the Raspberry Pi 5's PCIe interface.

2. The MPSTPU expansion board adds two PCIe interfaces via a PCIe Switch.

3. One PCIe extension M.2 E key interface, used for connecting the Google Coral Edge TPU, with the official Raspberry Pi OS loading the driver.

4. One PCIe expanded M.2 M key slot, for connecting NVMe SSD (PCIe X1, Gen2 mode only). Supports 2230/2242/2280 size SSDs (defaulting to welded mounting posts for 2280 size).

5. The SSD can be used for data storage and system booting. When booting from the SSD, the Raspberry Pi official firmware needs to be version 2024.5.13 or later.

6. The 40-pin GPIO section adopts an unobstructed design on the top. It can be connected via DuPont cable, without affecting the use of the Raspberry Pi 5's own GPIO pins.

7. Gold immersion PCB process, lead-free production, certified by UL, compliant with ROHS standards, and has a fire rating of 94V-0.

Note:

1. After the Raspberry Pi 5 firmware update, the settings cannot be modified, or else the firmware will automatically revert to the old version.

2. Due to the limitations of the switch, PCIe only supports X1 Gen2, with SSD speeds of approximately 400 MB/s.

III. System flashing and setting

3.1 概述

This document uses the Raspberry Pi OS, Ubuntu system and OpenWrt system for testing.

The version of the Raspberry Pi OS is: 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz

You can download the Raspberry Pi OS in:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit

The version of the Ubuntu system is: ubuntu-24.04-preinstalled-desktop-arm64+raspi.img.xz

You can download the Ubuntu system in:

https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi

The version of the OpenWrt system is: openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade-linux-6.1.100-20240805.img.gz

3.2 System flashed onto the SD (TF) card

Click here to read the instructions for System flashing

3.3 System flashed onto the SSD

Click here to read the instructions for System flashing

IV. Run the TPU module

This chapter introduces how to run the TPU module on Raspberry Pi OS.

The steps in this chapter apply to both systems booting from TF card and from SSD.

4.1 Config config.txt

After the system boots, open the Raspberry Pi terminal and enter the command:

sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt

Or:

sudo mousepad /boot/firmware/config.txt

Add the codes in the ending of this file:

dtparam=pciex1

kernel=kernel8.img

dtoverlay=pineboards-hat-ai

Then, save the file and reboot the system:

sudo reboot

4.2 Ensuring software environment

After reboot the system, open the Raspberry Pi terminal and enter the command:

uname -r

After ensuring the kernel version is greater than 4.18, enter:

lsmod | grep apex

Ensure there is no output, then you can begin installing the TPU driver.

4.3 Install necessary software

Ensure the network is connected to internet connection to the regions out of China (you may need to find your own method), and then add the Google TPU software library:

echo "deb https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt coral-edgetpu-stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/coral-edgetpu.list

curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Update the software list after adding:

sudo apt-get update

Install the necessary software after the update is completed:

sudo apt-get install cmake libedgetpu1-std devscripts debhelper dkms dh-dkms

4.4 Install Gasket Driver

Enter the following commands in sequence to install the Gasket Driver:

git clone https://github.com/google/gasket-driver.git

cd gasket-driver

sudo debuild -us -uc -tc -b

cd ..

sudo dpkg -i gasket-dkms_1.0-18_all.deb

After the installation is complete, enter the following command to ensure that the driver and software were installed successfully:

sudo apt-get install gasket-dkms libedgetpu1-std

Then, add a udev rule to obtain device operation permissions:

sudo sh -c "echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"apex\", MODE=\"0660\", GROUP=\"apex\"' >> /etc/udev/rules.d/65-apex.rules"

add user to apex:

sudo groupadd apex

sudo adduser $USER apex

Reboot the system after the setup is complete:

sudo reboot

4.5 Verification module testing and driver installation

After system starting, verification module testing and driver installation:

lspci -nn | grep 089a

Here, you need to see the TPU module, as shown in the following figure (specific parameter display is subject to the actual device):

ls /dev/apex_0

This board has a single TPU onboard, so you can see a TPU module:

By entering sudo lspci -v, you can see the driver loading, this must include the TPU driver, and if an SSD is inserted, it also needs to include the SSD module, as shown in the following figure:

4.6 代码运行环境配置

Google TPU模块代码运行需要在Python3.6-3.9之间，而树莓派最新系统的Python版本为3.11，因此我们需要使用Pyenv来下载老版本Python。

首先进行依赖安装：

sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev \libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev \libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python3-openssl

依赖安装完成后进行pyenv的安装：

curl https://pyenv.run | bash

输入：

sudo nano ~/.bashrc

或者：

sudo mousepad ~/.bashrc

在文件最下面添加以下代码：

export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"

[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"

eval "$(pyenv init -)"

添加完成后保存退出并重新加载shell：

exec "$SHELL"

接下来我们可以利用pyenv安装老系统版本Python：

pyenv install -v 3.8.8

等待安装成功后我们将系统Python版本更改为3.8.8：

pyenv global 3.8.8

更改成功后可以查看当前Python使用版本为3.8.8：

pyenv versions

python3 -V

4.7 下载代码和运行模组

依次输入以下命令进行下载：

mkdir coral && cd coral

git clone https://github.com/google-coral/pycoral.git

cd pycoral

cd test_data

git clone https://github.com/google-coral/test_data.git

接下来下载代码运行模组

pip3 install numpy

pip3 install Pillow

pip3 install --extra-index-url https://google-coral.github.io/py-repo/ pycoral

4.8 运行代码

模组下载完成后返回 coral/pycoral路径下

cd ..

输入以下代码进行代码运行

注意：我们可以复制下列代码，但是请先粘贴到文本软件中，按照上图的格式，删除多余的回车符，再复制然后粘贴到终端中运行：

python3 examples/classify_image.py \

--model test_data/test_data/mobilenet_v2_1.0_224_inat_bird_quant_edgetpu.tflite \

--labels test_data/test_data/inat_bird_labels.txt \

--input test_data/test_data/parrot.jpg

五、树莓派系统下使用SSD硬盘

关于对SSD硬盘的基本操作，我们可以参考以下链接：

SSD用作存储扩展（树莓派OS下）

对SSD进行分区等操作

调整外设启动顺序

安装硬盘测速软件hdparm

关于如何测试SSD硬盘，我们可以参考以下链接：

SSD硬盘测试（树莓派OS下）

六、Ubuntu系统下使用SSD硬盘

关于对SSD硬盘的基本操作，我们可以参考以下链接，除了SSD用作存储扩展中与树莓派OS下操作略有不同，其余部分基本相同：

SSD用作存储扩展（Ubuntu系统下）

对SSD进行分区等操作

调整外设启动顺序

安装硬盘测速软件hdparm

关于如何测试SSD硬盘，我们可以参考以下链接：

SSD硬盘测试（Ubuntu系统下）

七、OpenWrt系统下使用SSD硬盘

关于如何在OpenWrt系统下使用SSD硬盘，我们可以参考以下链接：

SSD硬盘测试（OpenWrt系统下）

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